Principles of Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics

Preface List of Constants 1. Classical Thermodynamics 1.1 Thermodynamics and statistical mechanics 1.2 Thermodynamical equilibrium 1.3 Zeroth law of thermodynamics 1.4 First law of thermodynamics. Internal energy 1.5 Ideal gases 1.6 Second law of thermodynamics. Absolute temperature 1.7 Entropy. Clausius' inequality 1.8 Illustrative problems 1.9 Law of incerasing entropy Exercises 1 2. Applications of Classical Theory 2.1 Two-parameter systems 2.2 Enthalpy, free energy and Gibbs function 2.3 Experimental characteristics for a fluid 2.4 Characteristics of a fluid 2.5 Adiabatic demagnetization 2.6 Thermal radiation 2.7 Phase equilibrium 2.8 Vapour-pressure curve. Clapeyron's equation 2.9 Gibbs' phase rule Exercises 2 3. Classical Statistics. Maxwell's distribution 3.1 Hypothesis of random states 3.2 The Gibbs ensemble 3.3 Liouville's theorem 3.4 Thermodynamical equilibrium 3.5 Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law 3.6 Thermodynamics of a Maxwell gas 3.7 Gas of point molecules 3.8 Boltzmann's principle. Disorder of systems Exercises 3 4. Method of Mean Values 4.1 Statistical analysis of Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution 4.2 Mixture of gases 4.3 System in a heat bath. Canonical ensemble 4.4 Partition functions for mixtures 4.5 Gas of diatomic molecules 4.6 Parmagnetic materials. Langevin's function 4.7 Additional constraints 4.8 Equipartition of energy. Law of Dulong and Petit 4.9 Entropy and information Exercises 4 5. Quantum Statistics 5.1 Quantization of phase space 5.2 Density matrix 5.3 Liouville's theorem 5.4 Quantum interpretation of classical theory of molecualr aggregates 5.5 Absolute zero. Third law of thermodynamics 5.6 Grand canonical ensemble 5.7 Thermodynamics of an open system 5.8 Classical gas of indistinguishable molecules Exercises 5 6. Crystals and Magnets 6.1 Einstein's model of a crystal 6.2 Debye's model for a crystal. Phonons 6.3 Quantum theory of paramagnetic materials Exercises 6 7. Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac Statistics 7.1 Gas of indistinguishable non-interacting molecules 7.2 Gas of point bosons 7.3 Gas of bosons with rotational energy 7.4 Fermion gas 7.5 Conduction electrons in metals 7.6 Photon gas Exercises 7 Appendices A. Electromagnetic field energy B. Stirling's formula C. Evaluation of a contour integral Bibliography Index