Michael Pittaro is an associate professor of criminal justice with American Military University and an adjunct professor with several colleges and universities. He holds a Ph.D. in criminal justice, an M.P.A., and boasts more than 34 years of experience and education in criminal justice. Christine Hess Orthmann has been writing and researching various aspects of criminal justice for more than 30 years. She holds a master's degree in criminal justice from the University of Cincinnati.